Cullen International’s latest research reveals that only three of 14 surveyed jurisdictions have adopted comprehensive AI legislation, with the others relying on voluntary frameworks, sector-specific rules or proposals still under debate.

Approaches to copyright vary widely, with countries split between opt-out models, litigation-driven approaches, and permissive regimes. In many jurisdictions, the eligibility of AI-generated content for copyright protection remains unsettled.

Regulatory sandboxes for AI are available or proposed in eight jurisdictions, with others relying on narrower sector pilots. Governments are also expanding sovereign compute capacity as part of broader AI industrial strategies.

The updated benchmark provides key insights on current approaches to AI regulation, focusing on:
 

• AI regulatory frameworks, including binding laws, soft-law guidance and sandbox mechanisms;
• copyright rules affecting AI model training and the status of AI-generated content; and
• national AI promotion policies, including funding for compute infrastructure, model development and skills.

The research covers Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the EU, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, the UK and the US.

For more information and to access the full report, please click on “Access the full content” - or on “Request Access”, in case you are not subscribed to our Global Trends service.