digital economy regulation

Get an independent, global perspective on regulation affecting the development of the digital economy with Cullen International. Our intelligence is trusted by global tech companies, regulators and governments to provide them with expert insight on topics relevant to the development of new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT).
Whatever your information needs, you can rely on us for a single, impartial view of national and international regulation in the digital age.

general topics covered

    Get concise, easy-to-understand updates on the EU's digital policy, as well as the main policy and regulatory developments in the Americas. A single source of alerts and reports on data protection and privacy rules in the EU and the Americas, and initiatives on international transfers of personal data. Policy and regulatory initiatives shaping the data economy in Europe.
    Track regulators’ responses to cyber risks with updates on the implementation of the EU cybersecurity rules as well as specific cybersecurity strategies in the Americas. Coverage of regulatory developments impacting technologies such as cloud, AI and IoT. Follow initiatives specifically targeting digital platforms.
    Follow the latest developments in consumer protection around digital content, products and services. Get an overview of regulation that seeks to foster the development of e-Commerce in Europe and the Americas.

geographical coverage

Americas (Data sheet)
Europe (Data sheet)
Global Trends (Data sheet)

Find out more about the countries, organisations and topics covered by our Digital Economy service in our region-specific datasheets.

latest intelligence

EU AI Act: Commission is consulting on guidelines and a code of practice for transparency of AI-generated content
14 September 25 Elisar Bashir

The public consultation aims to gather practical examples of AI systems that directly interact with natural persons, which are subject to transparency requirements under the AI Act. The EU executive body further seeks feedback on existing state-of-the-art technical solutions for marking and detecting AI-generated or manipulated content as well as the concept of deep fake generating AI systems.

EU’s top court rules on when pseudonymous data is to be considered personal data
11 September 25 Alessandra Vaes

The EU Court of Justice clarified that the classification of pseudonymous data as personal data depends on whether the recipient has the means to re-identify the concerned individuals. It thereby endorsed the relative nature of personal data in accordance with its previous rulings. The court also clarified that transparency and information requirements towards data subjects are incumbent upon the data controller irrespective of whether the pseudonymous data in the hands of the recipient is identifiable or not.

US: Judge orders behavioural remedies in Google Search antitrust case
09 September 25 Jose Jehuda Garcia

The judge presiding over the antitrust infringement case against Google Search rejected all manner of structural remedies (such as the forced divestiture of Google companies). However, the court ordered behavioural restrictions for Google to observe going forward. Both Google and the US Department of Justice signalled intent to appeal the court´s decision.

US plots bold new AI policy course with “US AI Action Plan”
19 August 25 Jose Jehuda Garcia

This Global Trends Flash discusses the new US AI Action Plan (AIAP). This plan outlines over 90 federal policy actions aimed at achieving global artificial intelligence (AI) “dominance” for the US. The AIAP amounts to a stark departure from the prior presidential administration’s risk-focused AI policy approach. In many jurisdictions around the world, AI risk management is also at the heart of AI policy.

EU AI Act: Commission issues mandatory template for summary of content used to train general-purpose AI models
30 July 25 Elisar Bashir

The template requires the listing of data sources used to train the model such as public and private datasets as well as measures taken to avoid or remove illegal content under EU law from the training data. It is obligatory for all providers of GPAI models, including those released under free and open-source licenses. Providers of GPAI models already available in Europe before 2 August 2025 will have two years to publish their summaries.

EU AI Act: Commission issues non-binding guidelines for providers of general-purpose AI models
30 July 25 Elisar Bashir

The guidelines give the European Commission’s interpretation of how the AI Act applies to providers of GPAI models. They establish a threshold for all GPAI models covered by the new EU rules and clarify the notification procedure for those models with systemic risks. They also address the effect of signing up to the recently published code of practice. The provisions on GPAI models enter into application on 2 August 2025.

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