Cullen International’s new benchmark shows that data protection authorities in half of the 16 surveyed European countries imposed fines on big tech companies for either General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or e‑Privacy Directive (ePD) infringements since the entry into application of the GDPR in May 2018.

The benchmark shows that Luxembourg is the country with the highest sum of fines imposed with €746m, followed by Ireland and France.
Amazon, WhatsApp and Google are the big tech companies which incurred in the highest sum of fines at €781m, €225m and €155.7m respectively.
The benchmark also looks at whether, in the event of GDPR infringement in multiple EU member states, big tech companies benefitted from the cooperation and consistency mechanism introduced by the GDPR. The mechanism aims to achieve the consistent application of the GDPR throughout the EU.
For more information and access to the benchmark, please click on “Access the full content” - or on “Request Access”, in case you are not subscribed to our European Digital Economy service.
more news
12 March 26
National implementation of the EU Gigabit Infrastructure Act
The Gigabit Infrastructure Act (GIA) is a regulation and as such directly applicable in all member states without the need for transposition into national law. Despite being a regulation, the GIA often sets minimum requirements, on top of which member states can adopt additional measures to address country-specific circumstances. Our new benchmark shows the choices made by member states when implementing the GIA.
09 March 26
How are EU member states transposing NIS2?
Our latest benchmark tracks the progress of the Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the EU (NIS2) transposition in the 27 EU member states.
05 March 26
CSRD: Austria and Malta finalise national transposition
Cullen International’s latest benchmark tracks the progress made by the 27 EU member states in transposing the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the related “stop-the-clock” directive.