Cullen International’s new benchmarks examine the scope of the powers available to European postal NRAs in two specific areas – for dispute resolution and also whether they can impose fines.
In all of the countries studied, NRAs can intervene in disputes between postal service providers, although sometimes the scope of the NRA’s intervention is limited. For end user complaints, some postal NRAs do not play a role, with the escalation of such complaints being handled by alternative specialist organisations.
In most of the countries studied, postal NRAs have the power to impose fines for breaches of the postal regulations (and in some cases also for breaches of related regulations, for example, in competition and consumer law). NRAs can mostly impose fines directly themselves without having to apply to the courts.
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30 June 25
LTE and 5G in the 410–430 MHz and 450–470 MHz bands in Europe
Our latest European benchmark shows the countries where the 410–430 MHz or 450–470 MHz bands can be used for LTE or 5G.
27 June 25
Can European end users choose their own router or modem?
Our new benchmark research shows that national regulators clearly defined the network termination point in five of the 14 European countries studied.
26 June 25
Data Protection in the Americas
Recent research highlights contrasts in the enforcement of data protection laws across the Americas. While most countries have legal frameworks in place to penalise violations, the scale of fines—both in terms of maximum fine limits and actual enforcement—varies widely. The findings also reveal that fines imposed in Europe are often significantly higher than those recorded in the Americas.