Cullen International’s new benchmarks examine the scope of the powers available to European postal NRAs in two specific areas – for dispute resolution and also whether they can impose fines.
In all of the countries studied, NRAs can intervene in disputes between postal service providers, although sometimes the scope of the NRA’s intervention is limited. For end user complaints, some postal NRAs do not play a role, with the escalation of such complaints being handled by alternative specialist organisations.
In most of the countries studied, postal NRAs have the power to impose fines for breaches of the postal regulations (and in some cases also for breaches of related regulations, for example, in competition and consumer law). NRAs can mostly impose fines directly themselves without having to apply to the courts.
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EU initiatives to foster satellite connectivity
Our new Tracker covers the Commission’s flagship initiatives in relation to satellite infrastructure, satellite spectrum and new converged services like direct-to-device (D2D). It also covers the EU’s preparations for the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 (WRC-27), where satellite is on the agenda.
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[INFOGRAPHIC] Top 10 European antitrust fines on Big Tech
The European Commission’s €2.95bn fine against Google is the latest in a string of hefty antitrust penalties that competition authorities in Europe have imposed on US Big Tech firms. Cullen International’s infographic provides an overview of these fines, putting them in context and showing how they are calculated.
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Transposition status of key EU environmental directives
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