The proposed European Electronic Communications Code contains a new definition of electronic communications services (ECS) that includes number-independent OTT communication services such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Gmail and Apple FaceTime.
Cullen International's latest benchmark shows whether these services are currently considered ECS in different European countries.
This new benchmark has been published in the scope of our European Digital Economy service.
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16 September 25
Italy is the only country where hybrid mail falls within the postal universal service
Cullen International's new benchmark shows the availability and regulation of hybrid mail services in 21 European countries. Hybrid mail combines physical and digital delivery, either by printing digital mail for postal dispatch or by scanning physical letters and delivering them digitally.
11 September 25
EU initiatives to foster satellite connectivity
Our new Tracker covers the Commission’s flagship initiatives in relation to satellite infrastructure, satellite spectrum and new converged services like direct-to-device (D2D). It also covers the EU’s preparations for the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 (WRC-27), where satellite is on the agenda.
11 September 25
[INFOGRAPHIC] Top 10 European antitrust fines on Big Tech
The European Commission’s €2.95bn fine against Google is the latest in a string of hefty antitrust penalties that competition authorities in Europe have imposed on US Big Tech firms. Cullen International’s infographic provides an overview of these fines, putting them in context and showing how they are calculated.