The proposed European Electronic Communications Code contains a new definition of electronic communications services (ECS) that includes number-independent OTT communication services such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Gmail and Apple FaceTime.
Cullen International's latest benchmark shows whether these services are currently considered ECS in different European countries.
This new benchmark has been published in the scope of our European Digital Economy service.
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30 June 25
LTE and 5G in the 410–430 MHz and 450–470 MHz bands in Europe
Our latest European benchmark shows the countries where the 410–430 MHz or 450–470 MHz bands can be used for LTE or 5G.
27 June 25
Can European end users choose their own router or modem?
Our new benchmark research shows that national regulators clearly defined the network termination point in five of the 14 European countries studied.
26 June 25
Data Protection in the Americas
Recent research highlights contrasts in the enforcement of data protection laws across the Americas. While most countries have legal frameworks in place to penalise violations, the scale of fines—both in terms of maximum fine limits and actual enforcement—varies widely. The findings also reveal that fines imposed in Europe are often significantly higher than those recorded in the Americas.