Cullen International published a new benchmark showing in the selected countries whether a separate media plurality assessment of media concentrations exists in national legislation.
Because of the economic and cultural roles of the media, concentrations (mergers) in the media sector do not only have an impact on competition, they can also affect the diversity and pluralism of opinions and views. For these reasons, some member states have established media plurality tests.
The benchmark also shows if there is any information/ plan on the implementation of article 22 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) which requires member states to set up such a media plurality test.
Different plurality assessment models exist
The benchmark shows that the approach taken to assess pluralism in media market concentrations varies widely among the countries surveyed.
In particular, it reveals that separate media plurality assessments exist in seven out of the fifteen countries surveyed.

Implementation of EMFA
Although the EMFA does not require implementing national legislation per se (as it is a regulation), most legislative frameworks will probably require amendments.
For more information on the benchmark, please click on “Access the full content” - or on “Request Access”, in case you are not subscribed to our European Media service.
more news
07 August 26
Global trends in data centres and cloud service providers
An updated Global Trends benchmark analyses policies and regulations of relevance for data centre and cloud service providers (CSPs) across 14 jurisdictions. It found there are different approaches worldwide on aspects such as licensing, ownership restrictions, cloud-related competition policies, cybersecurity and use of subsidies in the cloud sector.
04 August 26
Cross-border IoT data transfer rules across seven APAC markets
This new Cullen International benchmark analyses whether global IoT and M2M operating models can centralise data and platform functions outside the country where connected devices operate. It covers Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea, assessing how data protection, telecommunications, cybersecurity and sector-specific regulation affect the feasibility of offshore operating models.
27 July 26
Spectrum policy adapts to support new network models in the Americas
Cullen International's latest Americas Spectrum Benchmarks compare regulatory approaches across the Americas for a range of topics, including 5G deployment, spectrum assignments, spectrum refarming and private networks.