In its 2013 recommendation on costing methodologies and non-discrimination, the European Commission encouraged regulators to keep the cost-oriented prices for copper LLU stable within a guide price band of €8 to €10 (2012 prices) to stimulate investment in fibre across Europe.
Inflation rate remained low until 2020, but it sharply increased in recent years.
The benchmark highlights the evolution of the nominal copper local loop unbundling from 2018 to 2023, in euro and in local currencies.
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