According to new Global Trends research by Cullen International on policies and regulation on artificial intelligence (AI), national strategies on AI have been adopted (and in some cases updated) by all the surveyed economies, excepting South Africa.
Proposals for legal changes to address issues raised by AI (e.g. transparency) are less common, with examples found in Brazil, the EU, the UK and the US.
Non-binding guidelines or principles for AI use are more common and tend to focus on the ethical considerations of using AI. They have been adopted or are under preparation in all the surveyed economies, excepting South Africa.
Half of the 12 surveyed economies (Brazil, China, the EU, Germany, the UK and some US states) have rules requiring transparency, explainability and contestability of AI-based decisions in certain cases.
Regarding facial recognition technologies using AI, most of the surveyed economies have a special status for biometric data and protections in privacy rules (Australia, Brazil, China, the EU, Germany, India, Korea, South Africa, and the UK). Some US states have adopted specific biometric privacy laws.
There are exceptions to the privacy of biometric data granted to public authorities when needed to protect national security and the public interest in all the surveyed economies.
The research covers Australia, Brazil, China, the European Union (EU), Germany, India, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, the UK, and the US.
For more information and to access the benchmark, please click on “Access the full content” - or on “Request Access”, in case you are not subscribed to our Global Trends service.
more news
27 July 26
What is the state of implementation of the Cyber Resilience Act in the EU?
Cullen International's latest Benchmark analyses how 19 EU countries are preparing to implement the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA). It tracks national laws, designated authorities, incident notification bodies and penalties ahead of the regulation’s application dates.
24 July 26
Global trends in copyright and AI
Cullen International's latest global trend benchmark compared how copyright law applies to artificial intelligence (AI) across 14 jurisdictions around the world.
13 July 26
Authorities around the world are addressing emerging regulatory topics in IoT
Our Quarterly Regulatory Update on IoT and M2M Services (Q2 2026) highlights how national regulators are shaping the future of IoT and M2M services in areas such as cross-border connectivity, device regulation, and security.