National roaming allows a mobile customer to make and receive calls, send and receive data, or access other services in areas of the country where his mobile network provider has not (yet) built out its network. National roaming can be based on commercial agreements or be imposed as an obligation.
Cullen International's latest research benchmarks the regulation of national roaming in Europe, including the technologies involved, if there is a legal obligation to offer national roaming, and price regulation. Our research shows that operators in half of European countries offer national roaming. In many cases, roaming is offered on a commercial basis. An obligation to offer national roaming may be imposed by a spectrum licence, a SMP obligation, or may be among the conditions set to approve a merger between operators.
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25 February 26
Protection of minors: overview of national initiatives on banning access to social media
Our latest benchmark shows that an increasing number of European countries are discussing a potential social media ban on children.
23 February 26
The DNA explained: universal service to serve the same goals under a revised approach
Cullen International is issuing a series of analyses on different aspects of the Digital Networks Act (DNA) proposal. This report covers universal service.
20 February 26
Revised Cybersecurity Act (CSA2) - Changes to the EU cybersecurity certification framework
Cullen International published an analysis of the proposed changes to the EU cybersecurity certification framework under the draft Cybersecurity Act 2 (CSA2) delivered by the European Commission on 20 January 2026.