More European countries have some form of geographic aspect to regulate the wholesale broadband markets 1/2020 and 3b/2014.
In particular, the latest Cullen International benchmark found that the number of countries with sub-national geographic markets doubled in the last six years, from eight in 2018 to sixteen in 2024.
The number of countries with geographically differentiated remedies within the same national or sub-national market remained stable in market 1/2020, while market 3b/2014 is being progressively deregulated.

Cullen International’s benchmark provides an overview of the geographic regulation adopted by the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) in 31 European countries.
For access to the benchmark, please click on “Access the full content” - or on “Request Access”, in case you are not subscribed to our European Telecoms service.
more news
20 May 26
Spectrum sharing in Europe
Spectrum is a scarce resource and can be used more efficiently when multiple users agree to share it. Cullen International designed two new benchmarks that examine the regulation and practice of spectrum sharing in 21 European countries.
13 May 26
Protection of minors: national rules to protect minors from exposure to pornographic content in Europe
Our latest benchmark shows the initiatives proposed or in place in selected European countries to control or restrict the exposure of minors to online pornographic content.
12 May 26
Some EU member states pre-empt EU level small parcel handling fee
Our new benchmark shows whether EU member states are applying a specific small parcel handling fee, compares fee levels, the legal basis, collection mechanisms, and implementation status.