Europe: Method for carrier selection whereby the default carrier is determined by the local access provider with the possibility of call-by-call override by the user through dialling a code
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
The ability of a device, unit or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing unacceptable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation and its possible effects on human bodies. Effects are classified according to thermal effects (heating of body tissue) and athermal effects (any other possible effects).
Europe: Definition according to 2002/58/EC - Data Protection Directive
'electronic mail' means any text, voice, sound or image message sent over a public communications network which can be stored in the network or in the recipient's terminal equipment until it is collected by the recipient.
Electronic Programme Guides (EPC)
On-screen real-time catalogue of current and forthcoming contents of broadcast services available from a particular ensemble of channels.
Electronic communications network
Europe: Definition according to 2002/21/EC - Framework Directive
"electronic communications network" means transmission systems and, where applicable, switching or routing equipment and other resources which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, by radio, by optical or by other electromagnetic means, including satellite networks, fixed (circuit- and packet-switched, including Internet) and mobile terrestrial networks, electricity cable systems, to the extent that they are used for the purpose of transmitting signals, networks used for radio and television broadcasting, and cable TV networks, irrespective of the type of information conveyed;
Definition according to Com(2000)393:
'electronic communications network' means transmission systems and, where applicable, switching or routing equipment and other resources which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, by radio, by optical or by other electromagnetic means, including satellite networks, fixed (circuit- and packet-switched, including Internet) and mobile terrestrial networks, networks used for radio and television broadcasting, and cable TV networks, irrespective of the type of information conveyed;
Definition according to Draft Consolidated Competition Directive
'electronic communications network' means transmission systems and, where applicable, switching or routing equipment and other resources which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, by radio, by optical or by any other electromagnetic means. It covers inter alia satellite networks, fixed (circuit - and packet- switched, including Internet) and mobile terrestrial networks, networks used for radio and television broadcasting, and cable television networks, irrespective of the type of information conveyed.
Electronic communications service
Europe: Definition according to 2002/21/EC - Framework Directive
"electronic communications service" means a service normally provided for remuneration which consists wholly or mainly in the conveyance of signals on electronic communications networks, including telecommunications services and transmission services in networks used for broadcasting, but exclude services providing, or exercising editorial control over, content transmitted using electronic communications networks and services; it does not include Information Society services, as defined in Article 1 of Directive 98/34/EC, which do not consist wholly or mainly in the conveyance of signals on electronic communications networks;
Definition according to Com(2000)393:
'electronic communications service' means services provided for remuneration which consist wholly or mainly in the transmission and routing of signals on electronic communications networks, including telecommunications services and
transmission services in networks used for broadcasting, but excluding services providing, or exercising editorial control over, content transmitted using electronic communications networks and services;
Definition according to Draft Consolidated Competition Directive:
'electronic communications services' means services provided for remuneration which consist wholly or mainly in the transmission and routing of signals on electronic communications networks. It covers inter alia telecommunications services and transmission services in networks used for broadcasting. It does not cover services providing or exercising editorial control over, content transmitted using electronic communications networks and services.
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
Europe: Definition according to Directive (2000/46/EC):
'electronic money' shall mean monetary value as represented by a claim on the issuer which is:
(i) stored on a electronic device;
(ii) issued on receipt of funds of a amount not less in value than the monetary value issued;
(iii) accepted as means of payment by undertakings other than the issuer.
Europe: Definition according to Directive (2000/46/EC):
'electronic money institution ' shall mean an undertaking or any other legal person , other than a credit institution as defined in Article 1, point 1, first subparagraph (a) of Directive 2000/12/EC which issues means of payment in the form of electronic money;
"Electronic money institution" shall mean an undertaking, other than a credit institution as defined in article 1, first indent, (a) of Council Directive 77/ 780/ EEC which issues means of payment in the form, of electronic money or which invests the proceeds from such activities without being subject to Council Directive 93/ 22/ EEC (15)
(European Parliament and Council Directive on the taking up, the pursuit and the prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions).
Europe: "Electronic money instrument" means a reloadable payment instrument other than a remote access payment instrument, whether a stored-value card or a computer memory, on which value units are stored electronically, enabling its holder to effect transactions of the following kind:
ˇ transfers of funds, other than those ordered and executed by financial institutions, effected by means of an electronic payment instrument;
ˇ cash withdrawals by means of an electronic payment instrument and the loading (and unloading) of an electronic money instrument, at devices such as cash dispensing machines and automated teller machines and at the premises of the issuer or an institution who is under contract to accept the payment instrument.
(EUROPEAN COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of July 9, 1997 concerning transactions by electronic payment instruments and in particular the relationship between issuer and holder)
Europe: "Electronic payment instrument" means an instrument enabling its holder to effect transactions of the following kind:
ˇ transfers of funds, other than those ordered and executed by financial institutions, effected by means of an electronic payment instrument;
ˇ cash withdrawals by means of an electronic payment instrument and the loading (and unloading) of an electronic money instrument, at devices such as cash dispensing machines and automated teller machines and at the premises of the issuer or an institution who is under contract to accept the payment instrument.
This covers both remote access payment instruments and electronic money instruments
(EUROPEAN COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of July 9, 1997 concerning transactions by electronic payment instruments and in particular the relationship between issuer and holder).
Europe:
According to the Directive 1999/93/EC
on a Community framework for electronic signatures:
"Electronic signature" means data in electronic form which are attached
to or logically associated with other electronic data and which serve as a method
of authentication.
Europe: "Electronic signature product" means hardware or software, or relevant components thereof, which are intended to be used by a certification service provider for the provision of electronic signature services
"Encryption" means the transformation of data by the use of cryptography to produce unintelligible data (encrypted data) to ensure its confidentiality.
(OECD COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of March 27, 1997 concerning Guidelines for Cryptography Policy)
Definition according to COM(2002) 96 - Next Generation Internet - priorities for action in migrating to the new Internet protocol IPv6:
Devices communicating on the Internet do so directly without any intervening translation devices.
Europe: Definition according to 2002/21/EC - Framework Directive
"end-user" means a user not providing public communications networks or publicly available electronic communications services.
Definition according to Com(2000)384:
'end-user' means a user not providing publicly available electronic communications networks or services.
"Law enforcement" or "enforcement of laws" refers to the enforcement of all laws, without regard to subject matter.
(OECD COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of March 27, 1997 concerning Guidelines for Cryptography Policy)
Europe: Definition according to 2002/21/EC - Framework Directive
"enhanced digital television equipment" means set top boxes intended for connection to television sets or integrated digital television sets, able to receive digital interactive television services;
Europe: Defiition according to (1999/5/EC):
"equipment class" means a class identifying particular types of apparatus which under this Directive are considered similar and those interfaces for which the apparatus is designed. Apparatus may belong to more than one equipment class;
Equipment Identification Number (EIN)
Each piece of GSM mobile or transportable equipment (the terminal) has certain information programmed during manufacture which can be used to uniquely identify the unit and which the network uses to track stolen equipment and to disable in the event of certain malfunctions.
Europe: Definition according to (97/13/EC):
'essential requirements' means the non-economic reasons in the public interest which may cause a Member State to impose conditions on the establishment and/or operation of telecommunications networks or the provision of telecommunications services. Those reasons shall be the security on network operations, the maintenance of network integrity and, where justified, the interoperability of services, data protection, the protection of the environment and town and country planning objectives, as well as the effective use of the frequency spectrum and the avoidance of harmful interference between radio-based telecommunications systems and other space-based or terrestrial technical systems. Data protection may include the protection of personal data, the confidentiality of information transmitted or stored, and the protection of privacy
Definition according to (90/387/EEC):
'essential requirements' means the non-economic reasons in the general interest which may cause a Member State to restrict access to the public telecommunications network or public telecommunications services. These reasons are security of network operations, maintenance of network integrity and, in justified cases, interoperability of services and data protection.
Data protection may include protection of personal data, the confidentiality of information transmitted or stored as well as the protection of privacy;
Definition according to (90/388/EEC) AS AMENDED:
"essential requirements" means the non-economic reasons in the general interest which may cause a Member State to impose conditions on the establishment and/or operation of telecommunications networks or the provision of telecommunications services. These reasons are security of network operations, maintenance of network integrity, and, in justified cases, interoperability of services, data protection, the protection of the environment and town and country planning objectives as well as the effective use of the frequency spectrum and the avoidance of harmful interference between radio based telecommunications systems and other, space-based or terrestrial, technical systems. Data protection may include protection of personal data, the confidentiality of information transmitted or stored as well as the protection of privacy.
Europe: Definition according to Directive (2000/31/EC):
a service provider who effectively pursues an economic activity using a fixed establishment for an indefinite period. The presence and use of the technical means and technologies required to provide the service do not, in themselves, constitute establishment of the provider;
European Telephony Numbering Space (ETNS)
Europe: A numbering space created via a European country code that sits in parallel with the national numbering spaces. The ITU has on a temporary basis assigned the country code '388' to the EU, and will decide on permanent allocation in 2000. Numbers from the ETNS would be a ailable anywhere in the European Union. When implemented, a services numbered from the ETNS could be accessed by a single pan-European number from anywhere in the EU.
Europe: A specific single digit code assigned to Europe under the ITU global country code scheme; like "1" for North America
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
European Committee for Standardisation and European Committee for Electrotechnical
Standardisation (CEN/CENELEC)
Major European standarization organisations. Responsible inter alia for the preparation of standards relating to electro-magnetic compatibility under Directives 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC.
European Committee for Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs (ECTRA)
European Committee for Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs created as one of the three committees under the Conference des Postes et Télécommunications (CEPT). It includes a number of project teams covering inter alia licensing, numbering, interconnection, mobile communications, testing and type-approval. Council Resolution 92/C318/EEC of 19 November 1992 on the promotion of co-operation on Europe wide numbering, identified several tasks for ECTRA , including the creation of a European numbering space and the preparation of positions for discussion within ITU. ECTRA has set up the European Telecommunications Office (ETO).
European Common Proposals (of CEPT) (ECP)
European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT)
European Information Industry Association (EIIA)
European Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT)
European Numbering Forum (ENF)
An industry Forum to discuss numbering and numbering related issues. The ENF is open to any organisation that has an interest in numbering or addressing and that is represented at the European level. The ENF was established in 1994 following the Council Resolution 92/C 318/EEC of 19 November 1992 that called for industry cooperation in the area of numbering.
European Public Telecommunications Network Operators' Association (ETNO)
European Radio Messaging System (ERMES)
European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC)
A CEPT committee
European Radiocommunications Office (ERO)
CEPT organisation
European Telecommunications Manufacturers Association (ECTEL)
European Telecommunications Officed (ETO)
European Telecommunications Office , established under the umbrella of ECTRA to do technical, preparatory work.
European Telecommunications Satellite Organisation (Eutelsat)
Created by the Eutelsat Convention and the related Operating Agreement.
European Telecommunications Standard. (ETS)
European Telecommunications Standard. Standards established according to the procedures of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute charged with developing Europe wide standards for the telecommunications sector
A service that can be accessed by a single number from anywhere in Europe provided by a service provider that can be located anywhere else in Europe
Europe: Definition according to Draft Consolidated Competition Directive
'Exclusive rights' means the rights that are granted by a Member State to one undertaking through any legislative, regulatory or administrative instrument, reserving it the right to provide an electronic communications service, or undertake an activity within a given geographical area;
Definition according to (90/388/EEC) AS AMENDED
"Exclusive rights" means the rights that are granted by a Member State to one undertaking through any legislative, regulatory or administrative instrument, reserving it the right to provide a telecommunication service or undertake an activity within a given geographical area;